Laboratory Testing
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Urinalysis Testing

Agencies may customize drugs of abuse screening panels that may include any of the drugs of abuse listed below. The drug screens detect the following drug classes:

6-Acetylmorphine
6ß-Naltrexol
7-Aminoclonazepam
7-Aminoflunitrazepam
7-Aminonitrazepam
Alpha-hydroxyalprazolam
Alpha-hydroxytriazolam
Amitriptyline
Amobarbital
Amphetamine
Benzoylecgonine
Buprenorphine
Butabarbital
Butalbital
Butorphanol
Carisoprodol
Citalopram
Clomipramine
Codeine
Cotinine
Delta-9-THC-COOH
Desalkylflurazepam
Desipramine
Desmethylcitalopram
Desmethylclomipramine
Desmethyldoxepin
Desmethyltampentadol
Desmethyltramadol

Desmethylvenlafaxine
Dihydrocodeine
Doxepin
EDDP
Estazolam
Ethyl Alcohol
Ethyl Glucuronide
Ethyl Sulfate
Fentanyl
Fluoxetine
Hydrocodone
Hydromorphone
Hydroxymidazolam
Imipramine
Lorazepam
Maprotiline
MDA
MDEA
MDMA
Meperidine
Meprobamate
Methadone
Methamphetamine
Morphine
Nalbuphine
Naloxone
Naltrexone
Norbuprenorphine

Norcodeine
Nordiazepam
Norfentanyl
Norfluoxetine
Norhydrocodone
Normeperidine
Noroxycodone
Noroxymorphone
Norpropoxyphene
Norsertraline
Nortriptyline
Oxazepam
Oxycodone
Oxymorphone
Paroxetine
Pentazocine
Pentobarbital
Phencyclidine
Phenobarbital
Propoxyphene
Ritalinic Acid
Secobarbital
Sertraline
Tapentadol
Temazepam
Tramadol
Trimipramine
Venlafaxine
ADDITIONAL LAB BASED URINALYSIS TESTING  
Single Panel Drug Screen Call for Pricing
Two Panel Drug Screen Call for Pricing
Three Panel Drug Screen Call for Pricing
Four Panel Drug Screen Call for Pricing
Five Panel Drug creen Call for Pricing
Six Panel Drug Screen Call for Pricing
Seven Panel Drug Screen Call for Pricing
Eight Panel Drug Screen Call for Pricing
Nine Panel Drug Screen Call for Pricing
Ten Panel Drug Screen Call for Pricing
Eleven Panel Drug Screen Call for Pricing
Twelve Panel Drug Screen Call for Pricing
Nicotine Call for Pricing
Oxycotin Call for Pricing
Ethyl Glucuronide/Sulfate Alcohol Test in Urine (EtG/EtS) Call for Pricing

Ethyl Glucuronide/Ethyl Sulfate Alcohol Test (EtG/Ets)

Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) is a minor metabolite of ethanol (ethyl alcohol). It is formed in vivo as a consequence of alcohol consumption. A small fraction (0.02%) of a dose of alcohol is conjugated in the liver with glucuronic acid to form ethyl glucuronide. This compound is excreted in the urine.

EtG can be detected in the blood for up to 36 hours and in the urine for up to 5 days after heavy alcohol use. A positive finding of EtG in urine of an individual provides strong evidence that the person recently consumed alcohol, even if the alcohol itself is no longer detectable. Therefore, this compound is regarded as a biomarker of alcohol consumption and, potentially, relapses of alcohol use by an individual who is under restriction.

After scientific testing, Forensic Laboratories has learned thru studies that Ethyl sulfate (EtS) is another direct metabolite of ethanol similar to EtG. EtG, but not EtS, is sensitive to bacterial hydrolysis. Levels of ß-glucuronidase increase in urinary tract infections, kidney disease and bladder cancer. Elevated levels of this enzyme may result in the breakdown of ethyl glucuronide and a possible negative EtG result following alcohol consumption. The new Forensic Laboratories EtG/EtS dual alcohol marker assay will eliminate potential problems caused by elevated enzymes. Having a combination of EtG and EtS above the cutoff levels in a sample ensures the reliability of the test.

ADDITIONAL LAB BASED URINALYSIS TESTING
Indications for use
Most effective in monitoring abstinence programs
Currently used in probation/parole programs, impaired medical professionals, alcohol treatment programs
Replacement for urine alcohol monitoring as it eliminates the possibility of fermentation or as a confirmation test for urine alcohol
 
Indications for use
Direct metabolite of ethanol
Non-volatile, water-soluble, and stable
Conjugation of ethanol with activated glucuronic acid in the presence of membrane bound mitochondrial UDP glucuronyl transferase
Represents about .02-.06 % of total ethanol elimination
Can be detected for up to 80 hours after alcohol elimination
No EtG found in non-drinkers
Initial positive rates over 20%
Including participants in 5 year recovery program
Urine levels are as high as 500,000 ng/mL
 
Scope Ethyl Glucuronide
Method of Analysis Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry(LC/MS/MS)
Specimen Requirement 2mL Random Urine Stability: Urine samples were reported to be stable in storage for 4 days at 4 °C or at room temperature (22 °C). In addition, ethylglucuronide did not form in blank urine samples when stored for 14 days at 4 °C or at room temperature.
Reporting Limits: 100 ng/mL to 25,000 ng/mL Note: All samples are qualitatively screened and quantitatively confirmed
Reference: Wurst, F.M., S. Seidl, D. Ladewig, F. Muller-Spahn and A. Alt (2002):"Ethyl glucuronide: on the time course of excretion in urine during detoxification, " Addiction Biology 7: 427-434.Dahl, H., N. Stephanson, O. Beck and A. Helander (2002):"Comparison of urinary excretion characteristics of ethanol and ethylglucuronide," J. Anal. Toxicol. 26: 201-204.Stephanson, N., H. Dahl, A. Helander and 0. Beck (2002): "Direct quantification of ethyl glucuronide in clinical urine samples by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry," Ther. Drug Monitor. 24: 645-651.